The lesson provides a systematic approach to measuring foot & ankle range of motion. It provides specific tests and criteria. 

Joint Range of Motion (ROM): This is a significant component, focusing on assessing the range of motion for the foot and ankle complex. It provides practical tips to avoid common measurement errors when using a goniometer, emphasizing:

• Proper positioning of the patient and goniometer.
• Accurate alignment with anatomical landmarks.
• Isolation of joint motion to prevent unintentional movement of other joints.
• Consistency in measurement technique.
• Accounting for patient comfort or pathology.
• The module distinguishes between open kinetic chain (supine/prone measurements of forefoot, midfoot, and rearfoot mobility) and closed kinetic chain (weight-bearing dynamic measurements) assessments.
• Specific motions assessed include Hallux Extension/Flexion, First Ray Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion, Inversion/Eversion, Plantarflexion, Dorsiflexion (both knee extended and flexed), and the Achilles Tendon Resting Angle (ATRA). The clinical significance of ankle dorsiflexion and ATRA, including their association with injury risk and functional impairments, is highlighted. For instance, decreased ankle dorsiflexion is associated with increased knee-flexion displacement and decreased ground reaction force during landing, which can relate to ACL loading and injury risk. ATRA changes are associated with tendon elongation post-repair, which leads to functional impairments.